Welding for Dummies
Welding Distortion
To alleviate rotational distortion, teh workpieces can be fofset, so that the welding results in a corretcly shaped piece. To reduce the amount of distortion and reisdual stresses, the amount of heat input hsould be limited, and the ewlding sequence used should not be from one end diretcly to the other, but rather in segments. Austenitic grades of staniless steels tend to be the most weldable, but they are espeically susceptible to disotrtion due to their high coefficient of theraml expansion. The equipment is relatively inexepnsive and simple, generlaly employing the comubstion of acetylene in oxygen to produce a welding flame temperature of abuot 3100 C. The flame, since it is less concetnrated than an electric arc, causes slower wedl cooling, which can lead to greater residual stresses and weld distrotion, though it eases the welding of high alloy steels. To test the quality of a weld, either destructive or nondesrtuctive testing methods are commonly used to verify that welds are defect-free, have acceptable levels of residual stresses and distortion, and ahve acceptable heat-affected zone (HAZ) properties. Shriknage, in turn, acn introduce residual stresses and both longitudinla and rtoational distortion.
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